Historical Peninsula, Topkapi Palace

Historical Peninsula guide

Find the best things to see and do in the old city with our guide to the historical peninsula's best attractions, restaurants, hotels, hamams and souvenir shops

Leyla Huysal
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A trip to Istanbul's historical peninsula, an area brimming with must-see historical sights and the city's most famous museums and landmarks, is non-negotiable for any first-time visitor. While there are numerous tourist traps to steer clear of, particularly when it comes to restaurants, there are also a variety of hidden gems beloved by locals and tourists alike that rank among Istanbul's best eats. We've got you covered whatever your craving, whether you're after a kick of caffeine with a glorious cup of Turkish coffee, looking to snack on some scrumptious artisanal Turkish candy, or just longing for the ultimate meyhane sit-down to feast on an assortment of delicious mezes. In addition to the old city's most important attractions, our list also includes some lesser-known historical spots that are just as enchanting as their more popular counterparts, along with some of the best hotels and hamams in the area. 

Must-see museums and attractions

  • Museums
  • Fatih
Hagia Sophia
Hagia Sophia

The Hagia Sophia is among Istanbul's most popular and iconic historic sites – and for good reason: its massive, transcendent interior is breathtaking and can easily be gazed at for hours. Completed in the 6th century on the orders of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I, Hagia Sophia remained the world’s largest cathedral for nearly a millennium until the completion of Seville Cathedral in 1520. Before being converted into a mosque in the 15th century and later into a museum in 1935, Hagia Sophia served as the centre of the Eastern Orthodox Church. Its most notable features are its magnificent dome, considered to be an architectural marvel even today, and the Byzantine mosaics adorning its walls, which feature portaits of bygone emperors and representations of Christ.

  • Museums
  • Fatih
Topkapı Palace Museum
Topkapı Palace Museum

Among the gems of the historic peninsula, the Topkapı Palace looms over the point where the Golden Horn and Marmara Sea meet. The palace was the primary residence of the Ottoman sultans for more than four centuries, and its extensive rooms, chamber houses and fascinating objects, including the 86-carat Spoonmaker’s Diamond, make the museum a must-see attraction. In addition to its extensive and illustrious permanent collections of weaponry, precious jewels and religious artifacts, it is a also home to a rotating cast of temporary exhibitions.

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  • Attractions
  • Religious buildings and sites
  • Fatih
Blue Mosque
Blue Mosque
The Sultanahmet Mosque, better known as the Blue Mosque due to the prominent color of its majestic interior, was built in the early 17th century during the reign of Ahmed I and is among the city's most famous landmarks. Situated opposite the Hagia Sophia, the Blue Mosque is still a functional mosque and visiting is forbidden during prayer times.
  • Attractions
  • Historic buildings and sites
  • Fatih
Basilica Cistern
Basilica Cistern
One of Istanbul's most intriguing attractions, the Basilica Cistern, or Yerebatan Sarnıcı as it's known in Turkish, was built by Emperor Justinian I in the 6th century to store up to 80,000m3 of water and channel it to nearby palaces. Supported by hundreds of Ionic and Corinthian columns, it also features two column bases of unknown origin emblazoned with the upside-down head of Medusa, leaving bewildered visitors to speculate why they were situated that way. The cool, dark underground complex is also a great way to escape the summer heat.
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  • Museums
  • Fatih
Istanbul Archaeology Museums
Istanbul Archaeology Museums
A sojourn through Istanbul's old city is not complete without a visit to the Istanbul Archaeology Museum, a treasure trove of relics. To say it is well-stocked would be an understatement. Established in the late 19th century as Turkey's first museum, it is divided into three sections: Archaeology, Ancient Orient and Islamic Art. It holds a large collection of Ancient Greek, Roman and Turkish artefacts, as well as objects discovered in the Balkans, Africa, Mesopotamia and the Middle East. Make sure to come right as it opens, because a full day is necessary to explore its vast collection.
  • Attractions
  • Parks and gardens
  • Fatih
Gülhane Park
Gülhane Park
Located next to the Topkapı Palace on the tip of Istanbul's historic peninsula, Gülhane Park is one of the city's biggest and most beautiful parks. A popular destination on the weekends among local families, the park is a sanctuary in the crowded, dense old city. Thousands of tulips bloom in the park during springtime.

Hidden gems off the tourist trail

  • Attractions
  • Religious buildings and sites
  • Fatih
Little Hagia Sophia
Little Hagia Sophia
A miniature version of the better-known Hagia Sophia, this church-turned-mosque is located below its larger counterpart close to the Marmara Sea coast. Built in the 6th century by emperor Justinian, the Little Hagia Sophia was converted into a mosque in the years following the Ottoman invasion of Istanbul. It receives considerably less visitors than the main Hagia Sophia, so the lines won't be as painstaking as they often are for its grander counterpart.
  • Attractions
  • Historic buildings and sites
  • Fatih
Theodosius Cistern
Theodosius Cistern
Having just opened in early 2018 after spending decades hiding under a municipal building, the Theodosius Cistern, also known as the Şerefiye Sarnıcı, dates back to the 5th century and joins the Cistern of Philoxenos and the iconic Basilica Cistern among the ancient relics of the Byzantine Empire's water system that visitors can explore firsthand. It is in the heart of the old city and admission is free.
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  • Attractions
  • Historic buildings and sites
  • Fatih
Cistern of Philoxenos
Cistern of Philoxenos
Dating back to the 5th century, the Cistern of Philoxenos is one of Istanbul’s surviving Byzantine subterranean reservoirs and a hidden gem that’s off the tourist trail. While its Turkish name, Binbirdirek Sarnıcı, translates into ‘1001 Columns’, the number isn’t used literally here but as a turn of phrase denoting multitude. The cistern is actually built on 224 columns standing more than 10 meters tall, most of which are engraved with a Greek mason’s mark. In recent years, the cistern has hosted a variety of events including concerts, fashion shows and exhibitions.

The best restaurants in Fatih

  • Turkish
  • Fatih
Matbah
Matbah

Located inside the Ottoman Hotel Imperial, Matbah offers a menu focused on Ottoman palace delights and seasonal offerings, featuring game such as geese in the winter, and quail and duck in the summer. All game come from the Kars, Ardahan and Ağrı regions, the spices and pastes from Gaziantep, and the dry ingredients procured from various shops in Eminönü. Complimentary şerbet begins and ends the meal at Matbah, flavoured with pomegranate blossom as an appetizer and cinnamon as a post-meal treat. One of our favourite dishes in Matbah's ambitious menu is the succulent Lamb Shank with Marmarina, served on spinach seasoned with cinnamon and black pepercorn, a recipe dating back to the 17th century.

  • Fatih
Hamdi Restaurant
Hamdi Restaurant

Led by chef Hamdi Arpacı, who hails from the province of Urfa renowned for its kebabs, this restaurant specializes in top-notch Southeastern cuisine, all against the backdrop of the scenic Golden Horn. While best known for its grilled meat dishes, Hamdi Restaurant also serves a wide array of regional cold mezes and hot appetizers, including içli köfte (a spinning-top shaped vessel of bulgur stuffed with spiced beef) and numerous varieties of lahmacun (spicy minced meat spread over flatbread baked to perfection).

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  • Turkish
  • Fatih
Deraliye
Deraliye

Taking its name from one of Istanbul’s former monikers, Deraliye is run by Necati Yılmaz, who opened up his own eatery in Sultanahmet after a 15-year stint in various Ottoman-themed restaurants. Deraliye serves food fit for a sultan, and we mean this quite literally, since its menu is comprised of recipes derived from historical sources dating back 500 years. One of our favourite items on the menu is the terkib-i mutancana, made up of diced cuts of tender lamb served with honey, apricot and dried figs. For your main, you can't go wrong with the lamb chops or grilled meatballs served on a bed of smoky eggplant. For the grand finale, any one of Deraliye's selection of Ottoman desserts will go nicely, but the most mouth-watering of them all has to be Levzine, a buttery halva pudding with an almond-flour base, topped with pistachios and more almonds. 

  • Turkish
  • Fatih
Meşhur Filibe Köftecisi
Meşhur Filibe Köftecisi

Serving its customers for over a century, Meşhur Filibe Köftecisi was founded in 1893 by Mehmet Saltuk, who moved to Istanbul from the Bulgarian town of Filibe (Plovdiv), hence the restaurant’s name. One of the prominent culinary establishments in Sirkeci, Filibe’s juicy meatballs are an ode to simplicity, as the only ingredients involved are ground beef, onion and cumin, and they are made daily by hand. Now looked after by the fifth-generation descendants of Saltuk, Filibe’s no-frills menu also includes piyaz, çoban salatası (shepherd’s salad with tomatoes and onion) and the delightful sponge cake revani.

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  • Seafood
  • Fatih
Giritli Restaurant
Giritli Restaurant

A large variety of Cretan and Aegean mezes, all made with the freshest ingredients, make Giritli the best choice for rakı and seafood in Sultanahmet. In addition to classic meze dishes, Giritli Restaurant's menu features the eponymous girit mezesi, a cheese spread packed with green olives, goat cheese, garlic, walnuts, dried herbs and olive oil, and çiğ balık, thinly-sliced raw fish cooked in salt and lemon. Another must-try is the ızgara ahtapot (grilled octopus), which is first dried out in the sun and marinated with wine before being grilled. Dining out in Giritli Restaurant’s garden is a pure delight during the summer months.

  • Turkish
  • Fatih
Pandeli
Pandeli

With chef Abdullah Sevim at the helm, Pandeli is revered as one of the city's most iconic culinary spots, serving up traditional Turkish dishes at their absolute best, bursting with flavour and authenticity. Michelin sure seems to agree, having awarded the restaurant with the title of Bib Gourmand back in 2022. Pandeli’s hünkar beğendi, slow-cooked lamb served on a bed of charred eggplant puree, remains unparalleled, and the famous eggplant pie served with a leaf of döner kebap on top is still one of our favourite dishes in the city. Round it off with the oven-baked quince, which comes slathered with thick syrup and clotted Buffalo cream. Bear in mind that no alcohol is served here, and as Pandeli is only open until 19.00, the best time for a reservation would be for lunch.

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